Search results for "Political system"
showing 10 items of 39 documents
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study.
2011
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention …
Long working hours and health in Europe: Gender and welfare state differences in a context of economic crisis
2016
This article examines the relationship between moderately long working hours and health status in Europe. A cross-sectional study based on data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey (13,518 men and 9381 women) was performed. Working moderately long hours was consistently associated with poor health status and poor psychological wellbeing in countries with traditional family models, in both sexes in Liberal countries and primarily among women in Continental and Southern European countries. A combination of economic vulnerability, increasing labour market deregulation and work overload related to the combination of job and domestic work could explain these findings. (C) 2016 Elsevi…
Presidentialisation on the executive arena at the local level? The case of Norway 1992–2012
2016
It is empirically contested whether the phenomenon of presidentialisation, i.e. the concentration of power around the leading political positions in non-presidential systems, is taking place or not. This study sets out to investigate whether presidentialisation on the executive arena takes place in a collegial political system, more specifically in Norwegian municipalities. Using several independent empirical data in the period from 1992 to 2012, the main conclusion is that there are few traces of presidentialisation on the Norwegian local level. However, there are tendencies towards political concentration in the sense that political power is centralised in the political elite. Rather than…
The Present Through the Past: Polish Presidents and the Post-Communist Debate, 1989–2010
2013
I argue that the category of post-communism, though fuzzy in meaning and theoretically unrefined, did mark an essential point of dispute (albeit symbolic) in the democratization period of the Polish political system between 1989–2010. The dispute over post-communism in Poland was initially conditioned mainly by ideological divisions (first half of the 1990s) and later by a ‘competition of power’ (especially from 2000). The specific role played by the presidents in the debate over the communist past and post-communist reality of Poland resulted from his insufficiently defined position in the political system, as well as from the fact that up to 2010 the presidency was held by key actors on t…
A Valencian-style Coalition Government: el Botànic
2020
Coalition governments are common in the European political landscape in various tiers ofgovernment. However, such coalitions were an exception in the history of the Valencian Autonomy until 2015, which marked a new stage with the so-called El Botànic governments. Which factors explain this change in the Valencian political system? What are the features of such coalition governments? Can this model be applied to other political systems? This paper addresses these and other issues. First, it looks at what led to coalition governments in both 2015 and 2019. Second, it studies the model of coalition government. The hypothesis tested is this: El Botànic is a coalition government whose success in…
Demographic structure and the security of property rights: The role of development and democracy
2013
Abstract It is often argued that countries with a high population share of children and young workers should attract large capital inflows from aging industrialized economies. However, many of these countries deter foreign investors by a high risk of creeping or outright expropriation. In this paper we explore whether the correlation between countries' demographic structure and the perceived security of property rights reflects a causal relationship. We show that, in low-income countries, the ratio of young to old workers has a positive effect on the perceived security of property rights if the political system is sufficiently democratic. By contrast, this relationship cannot be observed in…
Attracting Major Sporting Events: The Role of Local Residents
2006
Abstract The decision where to host major sports events is the result of a political process, involving local and national politicians as well as national and international sport governing bodies. Politicians and local/national sport governing bodies decide whether to apply for an event, while international sports governing bodies select the host cities (nations). Local and national residents play an important role in this process as their opinion will influence whether the political system supports the application and is willing to fund the event. Many event impacts have characteristics of public goods and externalities. This represents a potential welfare economic rationale for the public…
Interest, Voluntary Associations and the Stability of the Political System
1985
In this article the adequacy of the sociological paradigm in voluntary associ ations' research is investigated by comparing it with its nval, the incor poration or system integration paradigm (types 1 and 2) and with two approaches that are their combinations: multi-dimensional theones of disper sion and cross-cutting of interests (type 3) and multi-dimensional theories of incorporation and system integration of interests (type 4). I express the view that by themselves both pluralism and incorporation paradigms are , unable to depict the complex system of political stability. An adequate theory must contain elements of two dimensions of maintaining stability: firstly, the idea of dispersion…
From Nazi holocaust to nuclear holocaust: a lesson to learn?
1986
In a 1986 address to the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, a German physician describes his profession's embrace of National Socialism. The nationalistic sentiments of German scientists led them to identify with the goals of the Third Reich and to participate in its programs. He gives examples of physician involvement in the Nazi Party, discrimination against "non-Aryan" doctors, "eugenic" mass murder, and lethal experiments with human subjects. The few who protested were regarded as traitors by the profession as a whole, and post-war apologists argue that physicians' organizations had no choice but to collaborate with the Nazis. Hanauske-Abel rejects this reasonin…
State, law and gender studies
2003
La formación del estado y su ordenamiento jurídico se ha realizado por los varones con exclusión de las mujeres, la igualdad entre los hombres y las mujeres no ha sido un principio fundamental del derecho ni del sistema político. El derecho a la igualdad descansa sobre presupuestos de naturaleza cultural y filosófica que tratan al hombre como el sujeto universal y a la mujer como una categoría específica. La teoría feminista del derecho coincide en la crítica de estos presupuestos pero existen grandes diferencias en cuanto se pretende abordar un modelo teórico alternativo para resolver la desigualdad de género-sexo. La aprobación de la Constitución, la adaptación del ordenamiento jurídico a…